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PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science pp 459–489Cite as

Signalomics: Diversity and Methods of Analysis of Systemic Signals in Plants

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Abstract

We provide a brief definition and history of signals, pointing out how differences in body plan between plants and animals require fundamentally different signaling mechanisms, and then list the diversity of chemical and physical signals along with their pathways of transmission, providing details on molecular signals and focusing on the phloem and xylem as being the main conduits for (rapid) systemic signaling. The two major electrical (action potentials and variation potentials) as well as hydraulic signals are then described. The latter part of the chapter deals with methods of analysis of molecular signals, including accessing the phloem and identifying the array of gene products transported therein. A description is provided of the modern methods used in metabolomics and phenotyping to analyze the metabolic consequences of signal action. Conventional techniques for analyzing electrical and hydraulic signals and their ionic components using electrodes are then furnished. Finally we describe novel techniques developed recently in the animal field using fluorescence to monitor real-time changes in membrane potential, which could be adapted for plants to open up new vistas in our understanding of electrical signals in plants.

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Abbreviations

ABA(-GE):

Abscisic acid-(glucose-ester conjugate)

CBL:

Calcineurin B-like

CIPK:

CBL-interacting protein kinase

CML:

Calmodulin/calmodulin-like protein

eATP:

Extracellular ATP

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

FRET:

Fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

PLAFP:

Phloem lipid-associated family protein

PI:

Protease inhibitor

PIIF:

Protease inhibitor-inducing factor

RALF:

Rapid alkalinization factor

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SE:

Sieve element

SP:

System potential

VP:

Variation potential

VSFP:

Voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

VT:

Voltage transient

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 1345 IRHS (Université d’Angers, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA), SFR 4207 Quasav, Faculté des Sciences, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers cedex 01, France

    Alain Vian Ph.D.

  2. University for Information Science and Technology “St. Paul the Apostle”, Partizanska bb, 6000, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia

    Bratislav Stankovic Ph.D.

  3. Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Eric Davies Ph.D.

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  1. Alain Vian Ph.D.
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  2. Bratislav Stankovic Ph.D.
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  3. Eric Davies Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Alain Vian Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genomics, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, West Bengal, India

    Debmalya Barh

  2. University of Agriculture, Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sarwar Khan

  3. Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Eric Davies

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Vian, A., Stankovic, B., Davies, E. (2015). Signalomics: Diversity and Methods of Analysis of Systemic Signals in Plants. In: Barh, D., Khan, M., Davies, E. (eds) PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2172-2_16

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