The Cyclic Peptide Toxins of Amanita and Other Poisonous Mushrooms

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

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2. Introduction

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 1-17

3. Chemistry of the Amanita Peptide Toxins

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 19-57

4. Distribution and Taxonomic Variation in the Amanita Cyclic Peptide Toxins

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 59-91

5. Biosynthesis of the Amanita Cyclic Peptide Toxins

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 93-130

6. Biological Activities of the Amanita Peptide Toxins

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 131-165

7. Ecology and Evolution of the Amanita Cyclic Peptide Toxins

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 167-204

8. Medical and Biotechnological Aspects

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 205-231

9. Future Outlook

   • Jonathan Walton

   Pages 233-237

10. Back Matter

    Pages 239-245

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Poisonous mushrooms have fascinated scientists and laypersons alike for thousands of years. Almost all mushroom fatalities are due to the genus Amanita, whose poetic common names (death cap, destroying angel) attest to their lethality. In his classic 1986 book, Theodor Wieland covered the state of our knowledge about the chemistry and biochemistry of the toxins of Amanita mushrooms up until that time, with a particular focus on the decades of chemical research by him and the Wieland dynasty (including his father, brother, brother-in-law, and cousin). Wieland’s book is now mainly of historical interest, with its exhaustive overview of the early chemical studies done without benefit of methods taken for granted by modern chemists. 

This book is a complete top-to-bottom revision of Wieland’s 1986 book. The material covers history, chemistry, and biology with equal thoroughness. It should be of interest to natural products chemists and biologists, professional and amateur mycologists, and toxicologists. 


The three scientific fields that are most relevant to the book are natural products chemistry, mycology, and fungal molecular genetics. Dr. Walton is an expert in all three. To maximize the broad utility and appeal of the book, care has been taken to define all technical terms specific to a particular discipline, so that, for example, mycologists will be able to understand the relevant chemistry, and chemists will be able to understand the relevant fungal biology. 

• amanitin
• phalloidin
• Amanita
• mushroom
• cyclic peptide
• Systematic Botany

• United States Department of Energy Plant Research Lab and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA

  Jonathan Walton

Jonathan Walton was raised in upstate New York and the Bay Area of California. He attended high school in Ojai, California, and graduated from the University of California, Santa Cruz, in 1975. He received an MS degree in plant pathology from Cornell University (1978) and a PhD in biological sciences from Stanford University (1982). He was a NATO postdoctoral fellow at the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and worked at the ARCO Plant Cell Research Institute in Dublin, California. Since 1987 he has been a professor of plant biology at Michigan State University in the Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory. In 1993 he spent a sabbatical year at the University of California, Berkeley. He has published research on fungal toxins and their role in plant pathogenesis, the mechanisms of plant disease resistance, cell wall biosynthesis, herbicide safeners, enzymes for biomass conversion, and cyclic peptides from fungi.

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